Dear Jane Doe

DearJane Doe,After carefully reviewing your college application, we regret toinform you that not only do you reek like oven-baked maggots, but we're sincerelysurprised a bolt of lightning hasn't struck you down in an act of pity for fellowcreatures on earth.Although your GPA is not wholly wretched, we feel thatany attempt to adjust to the pace and workload of our university would be futileand a waste of your (and especially our) time. We were very curious about onesemester during sophomore year - did you hibernate in a cave, or actually attendclasses? If you could respond to this question, it would allow the admissionscommittee to sleep at night.We wish you the best of luck with yourfuture, which is surely headed down the tubes faster than bath water. We expectto see you on "America's Most Wanted" one day. Likelier still, you'llbe the proud recipient of the this century's Number One Darwin Award for runningwith upturned scissors and sticking a knife in the toaster while blow-drying y ourhair in the tub. Sincerely, Just-Quit-Now CollegeP.S.Now do you know why you signed the No Lawsuit forms over and overagain?P.P.S. Keep smiling, and hold that head up! This rejection may beawful, but it isn't nearly as bad as the painful remarks those disappointedfamily members and friends will make! -

How to Write Emotional Appeal (Pathos)

How to Write Emotional Appeal (Pathos) Before you start working on the pathos material, it is important to realize the whole concept of this notion. Emotional appeal is an art which arouses feelings of different nature, such as sympathy, sorrow, pity or tenderness. Very often when you are trying to stimulate or convince your audience, you need to take into consideration emotional reaction from the audience. Remember, using pathos can be of great importance while you create your own piece of work. It can help you control the emotional reaction from your audience more effectively. Emotional appeal is an extremely powerful instrument which can help you cause different emotions among the people. If you use pathos tool effectively, you have an opportunity to urge your audience to action. Take into consideration the passion of the message you express because it is directly proportional to the audience response. Do not use the pathos as the basis for your essay, as it should be some kind of support of your message. We provide you with a number of tips you can apply to the majority of writing areas that include pathos. 1. To understand pathos can be a general subject. Thus, the variety of steps can differ according to the audience, context, etc. 2. Think about your audience and a great number of people it consists of. You will have to create your message so that it could be applied for as many people as possible. 3. Focus on the emotions you will be able to relate to. Never share the emotions you, personally, do not have with the audience. Otherwise, in such case pathos will be of a manipulative nature. 4. Do your best in order to take into consideration the values, needs and wants which are shared by many (personal liberty, safety, etc.) 5. Share your own experience if it’s an appropriate case. 6. Take into consideration not only your listeners, but also the expression medium, for example, communication one (use speaking, web design, images, etc.) 7. Decide on your message context, whether it will be of a political or social or some other nature. Thus, you will be able to better understand the needs your audience has.

Point of View in Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Essay

Point of View in The Lottery Shirley Jacksons The Lottery uses the third-person dramatic point of view to tell a story about an un-named village that celebrates a wicked, annual event. The narrator in the story gives many small details of the lottery taking place, but leaves the most crucial and chilling detail until the end: the winner of the lottery is stoned to death by the other villagers. The use of the third-person point of view, with just a few cases of third-person omniscient thrown in, is an effective way of telling this ironic tale, both because the narrators reporter-like blandness parallels the villagers apparent apathy to the lottery, and because it helps build to the surprise ending by giving away bits of†¦show more content†¦Summers and everyone else in the village knew the answer perfectly well .... This limited use of omniscience does not detract from the story, and is used sparingly and effectively to inform the reader of minor details that dont need to be belabored. It is the matter-of-fact tone and benign cadence of the narrator that sets the atmosphere for this story, and matches perfectly with the perfunctory attitude the villagers have toward the lottery. The narrator is going about his or her business -- explaining details, recording conversations, revealing the history of the lottery -- while the villagers are going on with the routine business of the lottery. This banality lulls the reader into a lowered sense of expectation, while the story slowly builds to the climax. Shirley Jacksons use of the third-person dramatic point of view, and the way her narrator sometimes uses minute details, such as the construction and history of the lottery box, allows her to introduce to the reader important hints to the ending without telegraphing it. For example, in only the second paragraph, the narrator observes, Bobby Martin had already stuffed his pockets full of stones.... These stones are to be used to kill a person by storys end, but the information is delivered so plainly and amidst other less meaningful details that it slips under the readers radar. Also, since the villagers thoughts arent revealed, the reader slowlyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery954 Words   |  4 Pagesmessage. Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† displays a masterful usage of literary elements to better convey Jackson’s general purpose, such as through the deep symbolism and underlying theme; however, Jackson’s true provocation of e motion is accomplished through her quintessential use of point of view. The objective point of view is indispensable within â€Å"The Lottery† because of the creation of suspense, drama, and irony. To begin with, the first reason why Jackson’s objective point of view is indispensableRead More Shirley Jacksons The Lottery 946 Words   |  4 PagesShirley Jackson is said to be one of the most â€Å"brilliant and influential authors of the twentieth century.† â€Å"Her fiction writing is some of the most important to come out of the American literary canon.† (http://shirleyjackson.org/Reviews.html) Jackson wrote many short stories and even some books. They are more on the dark, witchlike side, however. Kelleher explains that Jackson stated in some interviews that she practiced magic. No one really knows if she was serious while practicing witchcraftRead MoreThe Use Of Characterization In The Lottery By Shirley Jackson902 Words   |  4 Pages inhumane lottery in a situation in which the town goes together, the results may be a terrible end in a young life. In â€Å"The Lottery† written by, Shirley Jackson, the main character Mrs. Tessie Hutchinsonâ⠂¬â„¢s and the town folk are the main characters of this story. In â€Å"The Lottery† Shirley Jackson uses the use of characterization to portray the main ideas of the story. Shirley Jackson also uses the use of plot structure and the point of view in which the story is being told. The Lottery is a way toRead MoreThe Lottery Point of View Paper867 Words   |  4 PagesThe Lottery Point of View Shirley Jackson’s choice of point of view in â€Å"The Lottery† is that of being told in the third person. The story is told more by an observer’s point of view rather than that of a participant. In â€Å"The Lottery† she illustrates how what is being done to the family members, of people in the village, is an act of pointless bloodshed. It isn’t clear as to why they carry on with the ancient rite but what is clear is that the people in the village are obedient to the past law andRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson931 Words   |  4 PagesIn 1948 Shirley Jackson composed the controversial short story â€Å"The Lottery.† Generally speaking, a title such as â€Å"The Lottery† is usually affiliated with an optimistic outlook. However, Jackson’s approach is quite unorthodox and will surely leave readers contemplating the intent of her content. The story exposes a crude, senseless lottery system in which random villagers are mur dered amongst their peers. Essentially, the lottery system counteracts as a form of population control, but negatives easilyRead MoreThe Lottery, And Kurt Vonnegut Jr.1203 Words   |  5 Pagesadhere firmly to the viewpoint of a specific character or characters. Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery† and Kurt Vonnegut Jr.’s â€Å"Harrison Bergeron† are two good examples of third-person point of view stories. These two stories give the authors the liberty to influence their content and theme across to readers using third-person narration without being biased. The third-person point of view in Shirley Jackson’s The Lottery demonstrates a remarkably unbiased narrator. The storyteller does notRead MoreThe Lottery, by Shirley Jackson792 Words   |  4 PagesDramatic point of view contributes to tone and idea in the â€Å"The Lottery† In Shirley Jackson’s short story, â€Å"The Lottery† the use of the third-person dramatic point of view allow the readers to visualize themselves in a typical village spying on an annual lottery. However, in actuality they are about to realize that the subdued and ordinary townspeople have traditions that are much more sacred than a human life. Throughout the story, the third-person dramatic point of view contributes to the toneRead MoreEssay about The Lottery534 Words   |  3 Pages Shirley Jacksons, The Lottery, has raised questions in the back of every readers mind towards the destructive yet blind rituals of mankind. A reflection of ourselves is what we see when looking through the pond of Jacksons mind. The Lottery clearly expressed Jacksons feelings concerning traditional rituals through her story, opened the eyes of its readers to properly classify and question some of todays traditions as cruel, and allowed room to foretell the outcome of these unusual traditionsRead MoreAbstract the Lottery by Shirley Jackson2321 Words   |  10 Pages Abstract for â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson Although Shirley Jackson’s short story â€Å"The Lottery† is widely read, it has received little critical review in the decades since it was published. This analysis of the text illuminates Jackson’s intertwining of the story’s theme, point of view and language. One finds that each of these three an integral part depends on the other. One must examine Jackson’s linguistic techniques in order to understand how the point of view is so effective in constructingRead MoreThe Lottery : Dissecting Sociological Horrors Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pages The Lottery: Dissecting Sociological Horrors When you hear the word â€Å"lottery†, what do you think? In Shirley Jackson’s The Lottery, readers are presented with an ironic, dramatic, bleak tale about a small village gathering for not exactly what one would call a lottery. Born in San Francisco, California in 1916, Jackson spent much of her early life writing poetry and journal entries. After enrolling in the University of Rochester, she eventually withdrew to pursue her dreams of becoming a writer

Professional Ethics in Geography Essay - 1497 Words

For any professional establishment, ethics is considered an important aspect within the work place. Ethics are a set of concepts and principles that guide us in determining what behavior helps or harms others. For professional ethics, they encompass the personal, organizational, and corporate standards of behavior expected. These may include honesty, integrity, accountability, respectfulness, confidentiality, etc. For professional geographers - whether it is non-profit, profit, or a government agency – it is important to ensure that these ethics are being used and that we treat the products/data, the people we work with, and the work place with respect. The issues relating to professional geographers include control of and access to†¦show more content†¦There are many ways that someone can be discriminated against which include but not limited to age, class, ethnicity, gender, marital status, nationality, politics, physical disability, race, religion, or sexual orien tation. It is extremely important for professional geographers to not only comply with all federal laws, state laws, and institutional procedures, but also avoid unfair employment practices whenever they are encountered. To be able to sustain communities, geographers should strive to create and maintain a diverse, pluralistic, and inclusive professional community. By creating ethically standard environment - the geography companies, corporations’, or agencies achieve credibility from the public. A professional community comprises a set of social relations and communications in which individuals define and locate themselves. (1) It is a social and moral place where people fit in, where lives have significance and principle, and from which persons’ obtain part of their identity. As members of the geographical community, it is the ethical accountability of geographers to value the decorum of persons, to value a variety of intellectual commitments and projects, and to trea t colleagues with respect in written, verbal, and electronic communication. Lastly with promoting fairness in hiring, hiring actions shouldShow MoreRelatedEthical Healthcare Issues There are questions about transplant allocation in regards to the four900 Words   |  4 Pagesregards to the four major ethical principles in medical ethics: beneficence, autonomy, nonmaleficence and justice. Beneficence is the â€Å"obligation of healthcare providers to help people† that are in need, autonomy is the â€Å"right of patients to make choices† in regards to their healthcare, nonmaleficence, is the â€Å"duty of the healthcare providers to do no harm†, and justice is the â€Å"concept of treating everyone in a fair manner† (Medical Ethics the Rationing of Health Care: Introduction, n.d., p.Read MoreEthics and Moral Values in Professional Context1719 Words   |  7 PagesPROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND MORAL VALUES SHALABH KULSHRESHTHA FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, DAYALBAGH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE Direct_2_shalabh@yahoo.com INTRODUCTION Ethics, also called MORAL PHILOSOPHY, the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right and wrong. The term is also applied to any system or theory of moral values or principles. How should we live? Shall we aim at happiness or at knowledge, virtue, or the creation of beautiful objectsRead MoreThe Progressive Montessori School System1748 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch projects on reproductive rights and radicalization under the guidance of faculty mentors. The centrality of critical thought and expression to my personal development, as well as my academic aptitudes and professional backgrounds have prompted me to pursue advanced degrees in geography, where the patterns I have observed and my intellectual curiosities have found outlets for formulation and expression. My master’s program at Portland State has given me many of the tools for independent geographicRead MoreLeadership Is The Process Of Influencing People By Providing Purpose, Direction, And Motivation1109 Words   |  5 Pagesnominal leadership, such as that showcased by Wigginton, is able to produce second and third-order effects inside and outside of an organization or system, whether tha t be the classroom or the Army. Wigginton was employed as a high school English and Geography teacher in a rural, â€Å"backwoods† environment teeming with teenage malevolence, ignorance, and arrogance. These teenagers hated the traditional method of learning- long and boring texts. Wigginton’s own teachers were the same way. He explains thatRead MoreHigh Levels Of Service, Ethics And Integrity Essay708 Words   |  3 PagesAhmed Khan 24 Woodscape Ct, Pekin, Illinois 61554 Phone: 847-668-4001 Email: akhan.usa@outlook.com Results-driven executive with experience in building and leading motivated professional teams dedicated to highest levels of service, ethics and integrity. Strong interpersonal, communications, analytical, negotiation, problem solving and project management. Independent, creative and critical thinker with sound judgment and decision-making authority. Change agent, innovator and pioneer in qualityRead MoreLiterature Search Assignment : Bsn Rn Vs. Adn Degree1180 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch can be done regarding the question: How does a BSN degree influence nursing career and performance compared to an ADN degree in nursing? Journal Article Grid [Article # 1] Level of Evidence: V Fisher, M. (2014). A comparison of professional value development among pre-licensure nursing students in associate degree, diploma, and Bachelor of Science in nursing programs. Nursing Education Perspectives (National League For Nursing), 35(1), 37-42. doi:10.5480/11-729.1 Purpose Sample DesignRead More My Teaching Philosophy and Goals Essay605 Words   |  3 Pageschild. One of my goals would be to try to make a difference in each child’s life. I want to provide unlimited learning opportunities as well as various teaching strategies. My educational ethics are in the philosophical views of Essentialism. The basics of reading, writing, math, history, and geography are an important part of the curriculum. My methods will include, but not limited to, hands on learning, computer assisted instruction, problem solving, questioning strategies, and one on one instructionRead MoreFDEME3L memo 2015928 Words   |  4 Pagesstrategies ï‚Å' to enhance students’ learning. ï‚Å' ï‚ § Combining appropriate technology with teaching and learning strategies ï‚ § Technology uses in teaching ï‚ § Technology uses in learningï‚Å' Computer ethics The moral guidelinesï‚Å' that govern the use of computersï‚Å', networksï‚Å', and information systemsï‚Å'. ï‚ § User policy, professional and social conduct such as: An educator will not use a computer to harm other people QUESTION 2 [25] Risks that might affect the school’s information system Any 5 of the following risksRead MoreFree Papers992 Words   |  4 Pagesare assigned to them. We produce 100% custom written papers because our academic writers are habitual of writing their original knowledge without any illegal and unlawful activity. Professional Custom Writing Service - $10/page. 100% Plagiarism FREE guarantee. On-time Delivery!Free QuoteOrder now Our professional writers are eligible to write on all issues and for all academic disciplines due to which, they never try to copy from any other source. Whenever, they use a reference, they properlyRead MorePersonal Swot Analysis1420 Words   |  6 Pagessoftware, programming languages) †¢ Specific transferable skills (e.g., communication, teamwork, leadership skills) †¢ Personal characteristics (e.g., strong work ethic, self-discipline, ability to work under pressure, creativity, optimism, or a high level of energy) †¢ Good contacts/successful networking †¢ Interaction with professional organizations 7 Weaknesses - Internal negative aspects that are under your control and that you may plan to improve. These will include: †¢ Lack of Work Experience

Television News vs. Newspaper - 611 Words

Television news vs. Newspaper When it comes to finding about the news of what’s going on in our world, we want details and facts. We want the juice of what’s actually going on. The debate between the efficiency of newspapers and TV news, TV news is a lot more effective. Watching the news on TV is a lot easier for people to understand and is more convenient than reading it on paper. For the people who are always in a rush in the morning, it’s more convenient to turn on the TV and listen to what’s going on rather than trying to read a paper because it will only slow your task down. Also, for the people who don’t know how to read and for elders whose eyes don’t function properly, the TV is a better source of finding out the news. Not only†¦show more content†¦The smallest story could be the most important; but if you have a newspaper, you won’t be able to find out what’s going on, so you’ll have to rely on the TV news to tell you what you want to know. TV offers more options of news. People are mostly fond of making choices. Watching TV can satisfy this requirement. Because there are many channels for options on news, for example, ABC7 channel news doesn’t provide you the news you want to know about, then you can always change the channel. But the newspaper is published by one publication. Whatever information is on there is what you have to stick with. The point of view and the news are somehow limited and prejudice. So in order to get a comprehensive view, people can try many different channels to get an understanding. Unlike the TV news, newspaper are portable and has no time limited, this has the advantages that people can read them whenever they want. But I believe that getting news from TVs is due to its efficiency, convenience and easy understanding is a lot better than just reading theShow MoreRelatedCURRENT EVENTS ANALYSIS: TRADITIONAL MEDIA MARKETING VS. SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING1270 Words   |  6 Pages CURRENT EVENTS ANALYSIS: TRADITIONAL MEDIA MARKETING VS. SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING With every passing second, we get more connected. The use of social networks is at an all time high among consumers and businesses alike. Facebook boasts 900 million users; YouTube gets 4 billion views per day, and Twitter reports that 1 billion tweets are sent per week. The numbers are staggering, the growth shows no sign of slowing, and the writing is on the wall; if you want to reach consumers, social mediaRead MoreEssay on Mass Medias Political Power967 Words   |  4 PagesSpecialist institutions such as books, magazines, adverts, newspapers, radio, television, cinema, videos which occupy a central and pivotal role in our lives. That which reaches very large audiences (freespace.virgin.net) Forms of communication designed to reach a vast audience without any personal contact between the senders and receivers. Examples would include newspapers, magazines, video recordings, radio and television (www.elissetche.org) Political debates Read MoreThe Media And Federal Government1619 Words   |  7 Pagesthe portrayal of those who are mentally or psychologically disadvantaged. The media is and has been one of the strongest outlets of perpetuating negative mental illness stereotypes. Since the invention of the television and its spread to every American household by the 1960s, television shows have manufactured an image of the mentally disabled as dangerous and unpredictable . The shows depict the mentally ill as very violent; â€Å"One in four mentally ill characters kill someone, and half are portrayedRead MoreRupert Murdoch and a Dramatic Change in the Television Industry1331 Words   |  6 Pagesand a Dramatic Change in the Television Industry Critically assess this statement with particular reference to commercial television channels. Rupert Murdoch owns one of the largest media organisations in the world, called News International. This is an organisation which owns products in all mediums. Press baron, Murdoch started his ownership of print in Australia when he inherited his first newspaper from his father, the Adelaide News, he made what was a fairly unsuccessful Read MoreAustralia s Current Broadcasting Services1501 Words   |  7 Pagesapproaches within the content developments and the wider significant meanings in light of such perspectives. Australia’s current media landscape has remained within the traditional forms of broadcast media, containing that of television, radio and print media, consisting of newspapers and magazines, with two distinct regions, metropolitan based on largely capital cities along the southeast coast of Australia such as Sydney and regional areas located in remote inland parts of Australia with a clear distinctionRead MoreThe Marketing Of Digital Marketing Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesrefers to any type of promotion, advertising or campaign that has been in use by companies for years, and that has a proven success rate. Methods of traditional marketing can include print advertisements, such as newsletters, billboards, flyers and newspaper print ads. Although Digital Marketing differs from traditional marketing, our economy has been rapidly moving toward the use of Digital Marketing. Studies have shown that cost of Digital Marketing is more efficient, they can unprecedented audienceRead MoreMass Society Theory Essay627 Words   |  3 PagesPulitzer changed their ways and became serious about reporting the news The American Society of Newspaper Editors formed and pledged to tell the truth about the news The ethical standards of the industry soared In the 1950’s, the introduction of television brought with it a whole new set of issues Television led to cable television, satellite TV, and TiVo Personal computers led to the World Wide Web and led to an entirely new brand of mass media Assumptions of Mass Media The media areRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed The World1415 Words   |  6 PagesNewspapers have been one of the best popular medium for news from all around the world. Every vicinity has its own way of reaching out to people with the means of the conventional newspaper. It could be seen that billions of people subscribe for the daily papers all over the world. We could see a tradition that has been made by everyone to read their morning newspaper while enjoying a cup of coffee. Nonetheless, reading newspaper has never been the same ever since internet got familiarized to theRead MoreMedia Portrayal Of The Media938 Words   |  4 Pagesevery mode of communication has its own place in the â€Å"marketplace of ideas† (an analogy to capitalism coined by David Kairys in â€Å"Freedom of Speech†), we can effectively analyze this statement through the lens of each industry. Journalism, film and television, advertising, and the music industry all experience fascistic control due to constraints that limit access to, and determine the messages spread via, the modes of production. Chomsky and Herrman present an in-depth analysis of fascistic controlRead MoreStrategic And Financial Management Style Of Comcast Communications837 Words   |  4 PagesExecutive Summary This report examines the strategic and financial management style of Comcast Communications and proposes methods for financial monitoring and control. Material reviewed includes corporate reports, newspaper articles, and peer reviewed journals that offer insight into the strategy and expansion plans of Comcast. Results of the analysis showed that Comcast tends to expand by means of acquisition, and that the company has recently shifted its focus to emphasize customer service.

Actors acting in a drama Essay Example For Students

Actors acting in a drama Essay Media Imperalism occurs when one societys media dominate another countrys culture.1 The medium of television is a prime example to illustrate the effect of media imperialism. Since television production depends largely on advertising revenue, its content is determined by profits and does not necessarily promote Canadian culture or national identity. Even the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) channel relies on advertising for approximately 25% of its revenue. While the United States is the worlds biggest exporter of television, it only imports 2 percent in foreign programming. The dominance of the U.S. television industry is a global phenomenon, and Canada represents an extreme example of subjection to media imperialism.1 As the average Canadian in 1993 spent 22.8 hours a week watching television, one wonders how media imperialism is affecting Canadian culture and sovereignty. Television was invented in Helenburgh, Scotland and introduced to the world by radio in 1939 at the New York Worlds Fair. It has been called the tube, the idiot box, and even an instrument of cultural genocide. The National Film Boards Magic in the Sky documentary details the effects of television on the isolated Inuit communities in the Canadian far north. Television did not come to the Inuit communities until 1972 when the Canadian government wanted to ensure that communities with over 500 people would have access to television. Most communities readily accepted the offer with the exception of six communities. Anik is the Inuit word for brother, and the name the Inuits gave to the satellite that brought television and the world into their living rooms. It was an event which would alter their lives forever. John Amagoalik, President, Inuit Tapirisat of Canada describes the initial effects of television in the Inuit communities: When television first came, the effect of the television on the community was very drastic. People no longer visited their neighbours. Children did not play outside and the interactive activities of the community in general were broken down. The home, the family was the last refuge of the Inuktitut language, and television, by coming into the home, was invading this last refuge.3 The average Inuit did not understand the English language and could not distinguish between war and violence on the news or actors acting in a drama. Television created an unreal world for the Inuit communities and did not reflect their northern reality. The foundation of our culture has always been the concept of sharing things commercials and game shows suggest that people should go after these things for their own benefits.4 It was to avoid these negative effects that a village 300 miles north of the Arctic Circle refused the offer of television unless the villagers themselves could control the content and production of their own television programming. It was also the refusal of this village that led the government to sponsor Inukshuk for a six month experiment. Inukshuk was the Inuit channel whose goal was to use TV to understand themselves and broaden their horizon. It was a chance for the Inuit to produce, direct and write for their own TV network. They felt they had a rich culture that deserved to be known in Canada and around the world. Inukshuk put the power of the camera into Inuit hands. Prior to Inukshuk, Inuit people were known only at the other end of the lens and represented by the white persons perception of them. For example, the movie Enuk, which starred Anthony Quinn as an Inuit, used Hawaiians as Inuits and even styrofoam igloos, gave a false representation of the Inuit people. Everyday activities of the Inuit were portrayed as extraordinary events. .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd , .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd .postImageUrl , .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd , .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd:hover , .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd:visited , .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd:active { border:0!important; } .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd:active , .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ube0a4ce6c7a0586701b021c02ba9e8fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeare's "The merchant of Venice" EssayThe six month experiment proved successful, but it was just that a six month experiment. After this time period, Inukshuk was cancelled and this left the community with only one hour of satellite viewing, 5 days a week. Now, CBC northern television service is available in all Arctic communities regardless of size, carries two hours a week of its own programming in the Inuktitut language and an additional six hours of Inuit Broadcasting Corporation (IBC) and Taqramiut Napingat Inc. (TNI) programming. The rest is mainly southern fare, including U.S. entertainment shows.5 For years, the world outside the Inuit communities had been saying that Inuit culture and language were dying and it was believed Inuits would assimilate into the rest of society. However, that assimilation has yet to occur.  Television, for better or worse, has made the world smaller for the Inuit people and for all Canadians. It is our TV viewing that shapes our understanding of the world and ourselves. However, it is saturated with U.S. influence and media imperialism. How much television has affected our culture and sovereignty is yet to be seen. Only time will tell.

Dissertation Proposal Investigation

Question: Produce a dissertation proposal for a suitable topic of investigation that includes the following: 1. Rationale document2. Literature Review 3. Research Methodology Answer: 1.0. Introduction: This research report intends to identify the aspect of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development within the region of Niger Delta. Corporate social responsibility and sustainable development has the relationship between each other. The multinational and transnational companies of oil and gas in the Niger Delta region have faced issues regarding corporate social responsibility. These organizations have faced issues while operating business within these regions. There are different conflicts among the people of this region. The inhabitants of this region have faced issues regarding underdevelopment, unemployment and poor education within the society (Ite et al. 2013). Therefore, this particular research report has focused upon the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility can enhance the level of sustainable development within the business operation of these regions. Effective activities of corporate social responsibility can enhance the level of reputation among the people or the customers of the region. It can also enhance the level of trust of the people through effective abilities of corporate social responsibility. This research evaluates the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility towards the community of Niger Delta (Slack, 2012). This Niger Delta region has effective resources of natural. The geographical location of this place is also very high within the world. It has immense level of natural resources. Therefore, the companies of this region have faced troubles regarding different conflicting issues of this place. Therefore, this research study identifies whether corporate social responsibility can reduce this issue from the society. 1.1. Research objectives: This research study has some objectives; those are as follows: To identify the importance of corporate social responsibility To understand the relationship between corporate social responsibility and sustainable development To investigate the necessity of corporate social responsibility for the companies of oil and gas To identify the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development of the transnational companies of oil and gas within the Niger Delta region 1.2. Research questions: What is the importance of corporate social responsibility? What is the relationship between sustainable development and corporate social responsibility within different business companies? Why corporate social responsibility is necessary for the oil and gas companies? What is the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development within the transnational companies of Niger Delta? 1.3. Rationale of the study: This research study investigates the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility within the activities of business organisation. There are different types of corporate social responsibility within the business organisation. Environment CSR, community based corporate social responsibility, human relation based corporate social responsibility, and charity based corporate social responsibility are the types of CSR those can be implemented by different companies for social causes and other causes of the environment, society or business. As discussed by Musa et al. (2013), different activities of corporate social responsibility can enhance the level of business. It can enhance the level of business operation within the competitive sector of the particular industry. Corporate social responsibility also enhances the level of sustainable development within the operation of the business. A business organisation can promote its business in long term through corporate social responsibility. However, Frynas (2012) argued that, there are necessities of activities of corporate social responsibility towards the community of the particular region of Niger Delta. However, it can be also be included within the aspect of public relation. Every company needs to deliver different activities of public relation. In the aspect of effective public relation, every organisation needs to deliver effective community relation. In the region of Niger Delta, community relation is very necessary for the development of this place. Therefore, the community development should be very necessary for the Niger Delta region. The people of this region have faced immense level of poverty and underdevelopment within the society of this region. Niger Delta region is very prosperous in accordance with its resources, wealth and geographical location. In spite of this, the people of this region have faced immense trouble regarding some issues of social, political as well as economical aspect. However, the level of reputation of different multinational companies of oil and gas is low within this region of Niger Delta. The level of trust among the people of this region is very low. Therefore, corporate social responsibility can enhance the level of trust among the inhabitants of this region. Therefore, corporate social responsibility can improve the level of sustainable development of the gas as well as oil companies within this region. These multinational companies can operate long-term business within the industry. Responsible business can also enhance the level of business within the region. Generally, the inh abitants of this region have the issue regarding the operation of oil rigging. Pollution as well as health problems are the major issues within this region of Niger Delta of Africa (Imomotimi and Collins, 2014). 1.4. Aim of the research study: The aim of this research is to identify the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development within the region of Niger Delta. 1.5. Structure of the dissertation: This dissertation has five chapters. A first chapter is the introductory chapter. Chapter 1 includes rationale of the study, research questions, objectives of the research, aim of the research study. On the other hand, second chapter contains literature review. This literature review contains relevant concepts, theories and models. Therefore, for this research purpose, concept of corporate social responsibility as well as sustainable development. On the other hand, this chapter also contains the overview of oil and gas industry in Niger Delta (Spence, 2011). Possible issues of Niger Delta have been demonstrated in this section of literature review. Third chapter describes methodology of the research. This chapter describes the process of data collection and data analysis. Fourth chapter contains analysis and findings of the research. This chapter provides the analysis and findings of the collected data of the research study. Fifth chapter is the conclusion and recommendation. This se ction provides effective conclusion of the particular research topic. 1.6. Summary: This chapter provides detail information about the rationale of the research. This chapter discusses the importance and necessity of this research. Objectives and purposes of this research have been described in this chapter. On the other hand, the researcher in this chapter has also described proper structure of this research study. Literature review 2.0. Introduction: This chapter provides the important aspect of corporate social responsibility as well as sustainable le development within the area of Niger Delta. This literature review deals with the theoretical and conceptual aspect of corporate social responsibility, sustainable development and the overview of oil and gas industry of Niger Delta region. 2.1. Concept of corporate social responsibility: As discussed by Amadi and Abdullah (2012), corporate social responsibility refers to the management concept of any organization. It can be considered as one of the important techniques of management. Every business organization has responsibilities towards the people and the society. With the effective activities of business, every organization should play responsive roles towards the people and society. Corporate social responsibility maintains the effective relation with its internal and external stakeholders. On the other hand, Ihugba (2012) argued that, the activities of CSR can help in order to maintain the reputation and image of the company within the competitive sector of the particular industry. The activities of corporate social responsibility are the effective strategy for any business organization. A business organisation does different activities for maintaining the wellbeing of people and natural environment also. The needs and demands of the society and environment can be fulfilled by effective measures of corporate social responsibility within the organisation. The activity of CSR can also enhance the level of perception of the people within the organisation. Corporate social responsibility also refers to dealing with critical issue like maintaining human rights of the people within the society. A business organisation can earn good reputation by providing effective features of CSR among the people within the society. Therefore, Aghedo (2013) stated that, corporate social responsibility can be referred as the process of sustainable development within the organisation. A business organisation can earn good reputation and image within the competitive sector of the business. Activities of CSR also help to get competitive advantage within the same sector of the industry. Effective CSR helps to attain leadership ability within the industry. Accountability is also very important concept of corporate social responsibility among the people of the industry. 2.2. Concept of sustainable development: As discussed by Ojo (2012), sustainable development is the effective process in order to meet the objective of human development. Sustainable development refers to the process of maintaining the system of nature and society as well as the eco system within the society. Sustainable development can affect every business company within the competitive sector of the industry. On the other hand, Michael et al. (2015) argued that, sustainable development can also be referred as one of the important strategies of maintaining development within the competitive sector of the business within the same industry. There are different objectives of sustainable development within the competitive sector of the industry. The objectives of sustainable development are included within biological system, social and economical system within the competitive sector of the organisation. Biological system is included within the genetic diversity, biological productivity within the environment. On the other hand, Ekanem and Inyang (2014) stated that, economic system is included within the aspect of reduced level of poverty, enhancing the level of equity and the increased level of useful services and products within the society. Social system is also included within the cultural diversity, social justice and participation among the people of the organisation. However, Santos et al. (2014) discussed that, these systems are included within the aspect of sustainable development within the society. Economic as well as social and political development can take place within the society with the effective help of different activities of business companies within the competitive sector. Therefore, the business organisation can acquire different activities of corporate social responsibilities for enhancing the level of sustainable development within the industry. Through effective activities of CSR, every organisation can play important role within the competitive sector of the particular sector of the industry. With the effect of globalization, every business organisation should play an effective role towards the people, society and environment. Therefore, activities of corporate social responsibility can help in order to gather sustainable development within the competitive sector of the particular industry. With the effectiveness of corporate social responsibilities, a business organisation can gather sustainability within the sector of development. Sustainable development can help in order to enhance the level of reputation and production among the organization of the competitive sector of the industry. 2.3. Corporate social responsibility in oil and gas industry: As stated by Santos et al. (2014), oil and gas industry has faced significant risks of environmental effectiveness, risks in health and safety, liability and reputational risks. This oil and gas industry has also faced issues regarding technology as well as innovation of technology. Oil and gas industry have the impact over the environment and society. The people who live within the region of oil and gas can suffer immense troubles while living in that place. This people have also faced issues regarding their environment hazardous. The oil and gas industry have faced immense issues of environment and pollution. The process of oil generation often affects the effectiveness of environment. Therefore, the organizations of oil and gas industry should provide effective activities of corporate social responsibility towards the people of the society. On the other hand, Boiral (2013) argued that, this oil and gas industry has faced myriad issues of environment for many decades. Corporate social responsibility of these companies also has included different issues environment, non-environment and society. Different companies of oil and gas have focused upon their operation. There are different issues of educational opportunity, workplace opportunities within these regions of oil. The people of these regions are under developed. The level of employment and education are low within these regions. There are also issues regarding human rights and wellbeing or safety living within these places. However, Gabriel (2015) stated that, every organization need to maintain the effective relationship with the stakeholders. Community is one of the major important groups of stakeholders. The lifestyle of the people of the community should be developed by the organization of oil and gas. This can be included within the aspect of corporate social responsibility. However, every organization should enhance the level of activities for providing effective corporate social responsibility within the competitive sector of the industry. Therefore, the oil and gas industry should enhance the level of responsibilities within the organization. However, these organizations have faced limitation and challenges while implementing corporate social responsibility within the organization. These organizations have faced limitations within the aspect of politics, society and economic level of the region or the country. However, these regions have severe malpractices in relation with human rights, environment and local communities within the society. Corporate social responsibilities within the oil industry have faced different issues of climate change, human rights, and revenue transparency and community development. These organizations have done many malpractices within the society. These organizations have faced issues regarding the hegemonic strategies. On the other hand, Vincent and Kenneth (2014) stated that, technology has influenced towards the oil and gas industry. The production of oil and technology of oil rigging have been evolved from the previous stage with the advantage of technology and globalization. However, the oil and gas industry is one of the most important and critical industry within the competitive sector of this particular industry. The digitization and technological advancement have influenced over different companies within this industry. The industry of oil and gas has advanced the aspect in order to meet the requirements and demands of the organizations. The development of oil and gas companies can have the effect upon the aspect of organizations. Technological advances have affected the technology of oil rigging within this industry. 2.4. Overview of oil and gas industry in Niger Delta: Niger Delta region is involved with the practice of oil rigging. Niger delta region is one of the major regions of Nigeria. It has different oil producing states; those are Abia, Akwa Ibam, Delta, Edo, Imo, Bayelsa etc. However, the rate of GDP is high for the oil production of this region. However, oil spills are the common event within the regions of Nigeria. Pipeline and tanker accidents are most common activities within this place. However, with the effectiveness of oil in this region the people of this place has faced immense troubles while delivering oil within this region. On the other hand, Minnee et al. (2013) argued that, Niger Delta is referred to the space that sustains oil exploration and exploitation within this region. However, recently Niger Delta has been declared as one of the dangerous regions for different types of criminal activities. This oil productive zone has been criminalized with different anti social activities. However, these regions are very underdeveloped. The people of these regions have faced issues regarding underdevelopment, low level of education than other regions of the country. The issues regarding human rights and killing have affected the living atmosphere of the people within this particular society. Therefore, Ogula (2012) argued that, the communities of Niger Delta have reacted with violence for the destruction of the Niger Delta region. However, the people of the community have faced the issues regarding the criminal activities within this region. However, Niger Delta region has the resources of oil and gas. The oil production in downstream has gained adequate prominence within the regions of Niger. On the other hand, different companies of oil and gas have started diversified production of gas within this industry. The level of production within this region has decreased for the people of this region. The people of this region have faced issues regarding destruction within this region. The level of oil pollution is very high within these regions of Niger Delta. As discussed by Laasonen et al. (2012), Niger Delta has become one of the most important regions where the level of oil exploitation and exploration has increased by the agents of powerful Western economy. The basin area of Niger Delta has very high level of oil reserves. With the gift of nature, this region is also constituted with several oil reserves and hydrocarbon. The region of Niger Delta is also constituted with petroleum. The economy of this region is constituted with this oil exploration. Nigeria is considered to the largest oil producer of Africa. Niger Delta is one of the most important exporters of crude oil within the world. The position of this region is sixth among the countries of the whole world. The region of Niger Delta is very much resourceful. Geographical location of Niger Delta is the added advantage for this region. This place is full of natural resources. These resources have also affected upon the economy of this region throughout the world. The traditional occupation of this region is fishing and farming. However, the Niger Delta region has become one of the places for politics. The people of this region face immense trouble due to long-term impact of negligence within this region. Here, this region of Niger Delta needs too much success within the field of economy. Local people of this region have faced issues regarding the brutal domination of militaries of Western countries. Therefore, every oil company should reflect effective activities of corporate social responsibility towards the community and society. 2.5. Issues of this place: As discussed by Nwagbara and Brown (2014), insecurity and conflict are the major issues within this place. Process of peace has been decreased within this place. The political and social conflicts have affected the process of development and peace within this region. The main reason of this conflict is involved within poverty of the people within the society. Poverty is the issue within this region. The authority within this region has neglected the needs and demands of the people of this region. Developing countries have faced immense problems regarding the requirements of the people within this region. There are several conflicts regarding the political as well as social and economical development within the region. The rate of GDP has been decreased in certain levels. There are different interest groups within this region. Nigerian State, Transnational oil companies within the society. On the other hand, Ibrahim (2012) argued that, there are also many problems regarding the attitude of local communities towards the process of oil rigging as well as digging in this region. The reputation of different transnational as well as multinational companies is not so good and effective among the people of this region. This place has faced immense trouble for this company. This place is under developed. The people of this place have faced issues regarding under development, unemployment. The eco system of this place is very high within the society. Eco system of this place supports the lives of the humans within the society. Niger Delta has huge resources of oil and gas. However, Adeyanju (2012) discussed that, Niger Delta has immense level of richness. On the other hand, it has areas of underdevelopment and poverty. There are lots of issues of health and wellbeing of the people. The environment of this place is also affected by the pollution, soil contamination, heat, gas erosion etc. On the other hand, Adeyanju (2012) stated that, Niger Delta has become an ecological wasteland. Major rivers of this region has become very much polluted for major oil and gas of this place. Farmlands of this region are polluted by acid rain and spills of the oil. The level of carbon dioxide emission is high in this place. It has been found in different surveys that, 1.8 billion cubic feet of gas has been emission in this place. However, the conflict among inter and intra community has been increased. These conflicts have affected upon the process of development within the region. On the other hand, there are issues regarding some community leaders. Sources of political power have arrested these community leaders as they have opposed against the activities as well as policies of the companies. On the other hand, Ogula (2012) argued that, people of this region have also been neglected by the authoritative power. They have started protesting against the authority of this region. There is turmoil regarding these issues within the region. Pipeline vandalization or damage and community mobilization, armed uprising are the major issues among the people of this particular region of Africa. However, Gabriel (2015) this region has now affected by immense issues of poverty and underdevelopment. On the other hand, the transnational companies of oil and gas should provide activities of corporate social responsibilities towards the people of the society. 2.5. Summary: This literature review section of this dissertation has discussed the statistics of the Niger Delta region and its oil operation. On the other hand, this literature review has also discussed the aspect of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development of every business companies within this region. Research methodology 3.0. Introduction: This chapter provides knowledge and concept about research methodology. Research methodology is the systemic approach for dealing with the method of the research. This method helps to discuss the scientific approach of data collection, data analysis technique for the whole purpose of the research. 3.1. Philosophy of the research: As discussed by Bergh and Ketchen (2009), there are different types of philosophies of the research. Positivism, post positivism, realism as well as interpretivism are the major philosophies of research. Positivism deals with the real data and information of the research topic. Positivism philosophy deals with only valid knowledge of the particular research study. Positivism philosophy derives from the mathematical as well as logical formula. On the other hand, Bernard (2011) argued that, post positivism helps to cross check the data and information of the particular research study. This post positivism theory helps to discuss different theoretical aspect of social sciences. Post positivism deals with the real data of the research. This theory helps to crosscheck the data of the research. On the other hand, Bryman and Bell (2011) stated that, interpretivism and realism are the other theories for analyzing the aspect of objective reality of the particular research topic of the research. For this research purpose, the researcher can take help of post positivism philosophy in order to deal with the accurate data of the research purpose. This topic deals with real informative experience of oil and gas within the Niger Delta region. Therefore, the researcher has taken the post positivism theory for completing the research. 3.2. Research design: Research design can be of several types; those are exploratory, explanatory, descriptive research design. For this research purpose, exploratory research design will be appropriate. Exploratory research design helps to discover the ideas and insights of the particular research. It is very versatile and flexible in nature. Main methods of this research design are included in the analysis of secondary data, pilot surveys, expert surveys and qualitative technique. Exploratory research design helps to complete the whole research. 3.2. Strategy of the research: There are different strategies of research; those are content analysis, interview method or survey analysis and case study analysis. For this research purpose, the researcher has chosen content analysis for analyzing the data. 3.3. Data collection process: As discussed by Cooper and Schindler (2010), different types of data are required for completing the whole research. Every researcher needs to collect different data for analyzing the whole process of research. There are two types of data sources, like primary and secondary data sources. These sources are very effective for the purpose of the researcher within the organisation. 3.3.1. Sources of the data: There are different types of data: those are primary and secondary data. Primary data refer to those data that can be gathered from different respondents of the research. A researcher can collect primary data through the process of survey, interview. On the other hand, Corbetta (2009) argued that, a researcher can also collect information from the secondary sources of the research. Secondary Data can be collected from relevant journals, books, websites and other published materials. Secondary sources of data are generally different published sources of data. For this research purpose, the researcher has taken the help of different secondary sources for completing the whole process of research. The researcher has collected the information from the relevant journals as well as books, periodicals and websites or blogs. For this research purpose, the researcher has done mainly library research for analyzing the particular research topic. The researcher has chosen different structured texts as relevant data of the research. The researcher for analyzing the case of Niger Delta has collected information from different blogs and websites. In order to investigate this particular topic of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development within the region of Niger Delta, the researcher has taken the help of available secondary sources. 3.4. Data analysis technique: As stated by Crouch and Pearce (2012), there are two types of data analysis techniques; those are quantitative and qualitative technique of data analysis. Quantitative data analysis technique helps to analyze mathematical data of the research. Quantitative data analysis mainly uses excel sheet as well as different statistical methods for completing the technique of analysis. On the other hand, qualitative data analysis technique mainly helps to analyze the descriptive data of the research. For the topic of social research, qualitative analysis is very useful as well as effective and important for the researcher. For this research purpose, the collected secondary data can be analyzed by the qualitative analysis technique. Qualitative analysis helps to develop the idea and phenomenon of the particular research topic. It helps to discuss the experiences, views and meanings of the research topic. For this research purpose, the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development can be analyzed with the help of techniques of qualitative analysis. The presentation of findings will be in thematic presentation of each subject (Gummerson, 2010). 3.4.1. Steps in qualitative data analysis: There are different steps of qualitative data analysis. Five steps are included in the process of organizing the data, identifying the framework, sorting data into the framework, using the chosen framework for the purpose of descriptive analysis. There are several types of qualitative analysis; those are content analysis, discourse analysis, narrative analysis, grounded theory analysis and framework analysis. For this research purpose, the researcher has taken the approach of content analysis for analyzing the whole data of the research (Crowther and Lancaster, 2012). 3.5. Ethical consideration: The researcher can face different issues while conducting the data collection process. Every researcher needs to maintain the Data protection Act of 2009 while collecting the data from different secondary sources. The researcher should respond appropriately for maintaining the ethics of the collected data. The researcher should take prior consent from the writers of the books or journals (Dul and Hak, 2012). The researcher should take prior consent while using the data of those books and journals for the purpose of the research. The researcher should know the process of maintaining the relevant data of the research. On the other hand, the researcher has to be very sure about the fact that the collected data will not be used for any other purpose except this particular research. 3.6. Limitation of the research: This research can face limitations regarding budget and time. The researcher can face immense trouble while conducting the particular research purpose. This is a vast topic. The investigation of corporate social responsibility and sustainable development within the region of Niger Delta requires very huge time. The researcher also can face limitation within the period while doing literature review from different books and journals. He/she may also find it difficult for getting adequate resources of this particular research topic. 3.7. 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